Languages of India

Language Genetic affiliation Speakers (as of 2001, in million) Geographical distribution


Assamese/Axomiya Indo-Aryan, Eastern 13 Assam

Bengali Indo-Aryan, Eastern 83 West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura

Bodo Tibeto-Burman 1.2 Assam

Dogri Indo-Aryan, Northern 0.1 Jammu and Kashmir

Gujarati Indo-Aryan, Western 46 Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

Hindi Indo-Aryan, various 422 the "Hindi belt", Northern India

Kannada Dravidian, Southern 38 Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Goa

Kashmiri Dardic 5.5 Jammu and Kashmir

Konkani Indo-Aryan, Southern 2.5 Konkan (Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala)

Maithili Indo-Aryan, Eastern 12 Bihar

Malayalam Dravidian, Southern 33 Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mahé, Puducherry

Manipuri (also Meitei or Meithei) Tibeto-Burman 1.5 Manipur

Marathi Indo-Aryan, Southern 72 Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Goa

Nepali Indo-Aryan, Northern 2.5 Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam

Oriya Indo-Aryan, Eastern 33 Orissa

Punjabi Indo-Aryan 29 Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana

Sanskrit Indo-Aryan 0.05 Mattur

Santali Munda 6.5 Santal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)

Sindhi Indo-Aryan, Northwestern 2.5 Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh

Tamil Dravidian, Southern 61 Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Pondicherry, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra

Telugu Dravidian, South-Central 74 Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Orissa

Urdu Indo-Aryan, Central 52 Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh